If it is a file system based device then surely the applied patch being compared to the original is practically a Rosetta stone -- most translations don't touch levels, game mechanics, music, video, stat tables... and just constrain themselves to the font, text handling (optional for a lot of things) and text. Explode both versions into their constituent files, check hashes of both, whatever is changed is probably what you want to be looking at.
As for patches. Even ignoring the nature of binary code then consider the following
character one: [愚かなことを言う]
character two: ...
translated
character one: [says something stupid]
character two: ...
The ... from the translated part is quite probably the same in both. A translation patch would then not need to touch it and have nothing of it within the script.