Thanks for your posts, Auryn and EarlJ.
@bLind: Here's what I have in my notes. All translations are from Google Translate, and should be taken with a big grain of salt.
The headings at the top of the screen:
left side - 銭 - money
right side - 体力 - stamina
In the first town:
Shop #1: いらっしゃいませ. 何かお求めになりますか? (May I help you? Would you like to purchase something?)
If you choose no (いいえ):
ありがとうございました! (Thank you!)
If you choose yes (はい), then the shopkeeper asks 何かお求めになりますか? again, and your options are:
火 の 槍 - spear of fire
狼風の弓 - wind bow of wolf
昇龍剣 - rising dragon sword?
鎖帷子 - something else, not sure what
I didn't try to work it all out, but here are some "can't buy this" responses I got at various times:
お金が足りませんよ! - I don't have enough money!
あなたには装備できませんのでお売りできません. - not sure, something about selling equipment
もうお持ちになっ ていますよ! - something about having more?
I didn't check the shop in the third house carefully, but if you don't buy anything, the guy says:
またご利用下さい. (Is this "please come again"?)
The last house in the first town says:
この辺りの奴らはみんな信長の手先じゃ. - Well, guys in this area are all minions of Nobunaga.
Finally, as you're leaving town, the sign overhead says:
出口 - Exit
Meanwhile, there's all the text from the introduction, which is linked at the website I posted earlier. I might edit my post to add those in a bit...
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OK, here's the full introduction to the game, as gleaned from a combination of the two websites I posted earlier. Again, all translations are very crude renditions from Google Translate, and await a qualified translator.

時は戦国、権力者信長は重税と戦乱で民衆を苦しめていた。
(When Sengoku, Nobunaga those in power had suffered heavy taxes and the people in the war.)

ある日、羽尾の国の海岸に1隻の難破した南蛮船が漂着した。
その船の中に負傷した乗組員ジョンと3歳の男の子が生き残っていた。
(One day, barbarian ship was wrecked vessels on the coast of a country of Hao has been shipwrecked.
3-year-old boy John and crew were injured in the ship that it had survived.)

忍者 「影刃」 は2人を助けたが、
ジョンは「信長におそわれた。」
と言い残し死んだ。
("Ha" shadow ninja, but to help two people, John "was attacked by Nobunaga". Leaving those words and dead.)

それから12年、影刃は子供を忍者「武雷」として育てた。
(12 years since it was brought up as a shadow blade "Takeshi thunder" Ninja children.)

影刃は年をとり、死を悟り武雷を呼んで言った。
「武雷よ、民を苦しめている信長を倒してくれ。」
「そのために協力してくれる3人の若者を集めた。」
(Shadow blade takes a year, he called the Lightning Takeshi death enlightenment.
"I thunder Takeshi, Nobunaga defeated me that afflicts the people."
"A collection of three young men who work together to that")

紹介しよう。
槍の達人 権平
弓の達人 玄番
武者 右近
みんなで力をあわせ「風の軍団」となり信長を倒すのだ。
(Trying to introduce.
Master of the spear right flat
Master of the bow Gen No.
Ukon warrior
Nobunaga next, defeat the "corps of the Wind" combined force with everyone.)

第一章 羽尾の国
(Hao country of the first chapter)

この国の人々は信長の手先に苦しめられています。
(The people of this country have been plagued by Nobunaga's minions.)

クリア条件
敵を全員倒して下さい。
(Clear conditions
Please defeat all the enemy.)