I was wondering about the character types.
I could probably guess some of this myself, but I thought I'd toss it up here for now.
This is the unit descriptions from the manual (it was slightly pricey to buy a CIB for that, but hopefully worth it since I didn't find any English FAQs 
). I'll try to type up the terrain descriptions later (when I'm not tired), which could also be useful to know.
Thanks.
王子と魔道士
魔法と、攻撃力ともにバツグンの最強ユニット。
しかし倒されると負になるので戦闘の際は注意!!
Prince and Mage
The most distinguished unit, able to fight with melee and magic in tandem.
However, if this unit is defeated, you lose. So be careful when this unit is in trouble on the battlefield!!
火の戦士
標準の戦闘能力をもつ、歩兵タイプのユニット。
Fire Soldier
An infantry-type unit with a standard amount of fighting abilities.
水の戦士
強力な破壊力をもった斧が武器。
しかし動きは鈍い。
Water Soldier
Uses an axe with an incredible destructive force.
However, moves very slow as a result.
風の戦士
攻撃力はありないが、ジャンプ力・スピード力など素早さはピカ一。
Wind Soldier
Doesn't have much attack power, but his jumping and speed are the best.
僧侶
傷つた仲間を回復させたり、海や湖に道を作る。
味方に友好な魔法が得意。
Priest
He can heal injured allies, and create paths on rivers and lakes.
Using support magic is his specialty.
魔法使い
値段は高いが4種の魔法を操る魔法の専門家。
しかし、攻撃力はほとんどない。
Wizard
His cost is high, but he specializes in magic that manipulates four types of magic.
However, he has little to no attack power.
武術家
武器は鋭い拳。特に下段突を得意とする。
防御力がないので注意。
Martial Artist
His weapons are his honed fists. His specialty is the low thrust.
Be careful, though, as he has very little defense.
大男
パワフルな攻撃で押しきる重量型の戦闘ユニット。
A heavyweight combat unit that uses powerful attacks to overcome enemies.
半漁人
唯一、水中移動ができる。
戦闘も水、陸どちらでも可能なオールラウンド型ユニット。
Merman
The only unit that can move underwater.
Whether fighting in the water or on land, this unit's abilities are balanced all-around.
バードマン
翼でどこへでもひとっ鳶の移動型ユニット。
海と上は着陸できない。
Birdman
A unit that can use it's wings to go anywhere it pleases.
Cannot land on sea or land, though.
**This one seems to contain a typo. The ひとっ鳶 section.
ゴーレム
魔法使いの「ゴーレム召喚」によって、
土の中から呼び出させる巨大ユニット。
Golem
A huge unit called forth from the earth by a
Wizard's "Golem Summoning" spell.
Edit: Here are the terrain descriptions:
城
ここではHPとMPが100%回復します。
魔法防御率はファイア50%、サンダー50%
Castle
Here you recover your HP and MP to 100%.
Magic defenses are 50% against Fire and Thunder.
町
ここではHPとMPが40P回復します。
魔法防御率はファイア10%、サンダー10%。
Town
Here you recover your HP and MP by 40 points.
Magic defenses are 10% against Fire and Thunder.
協会
ここではHPとMPが100%回復します。
魔法防御率はファイア10%、サンダー10%。
Church
Here you recover your HP and MP to 100%.
Magic defenses are 10% against Fire and Thunder.
*Note: If it's "church" the kanji are 教会
魔法陣
ここからユニットが出せます。
MPが20P回復、魔法防御率はファイア10%、サンダー10%。
Magic Symbol
Units can deploy from here.
MP recovers by 20 points, and the magic defenses are 10% against Fire and Thunder.
港
HPとMPが10P回復、船は港の下で弾とHPの補給ができます。
魔法防御率はファイア10%、サンダー10%。
Port
HP and MP recover 10 points. Below the port, ships can be resupplied, restoring their HP and bullets.
Magic defenses are 10% against Fire and Thunder.
平地
移動しやすく、戦いにも適しています。
魔法の防御はできません。
Plains
Easy to move around on and well suited for battle.
There are no magic defenses here.
砂地
移動しにくく、魔法の防御はできません。
Sand
Hard to move around on, and has no magic defenses.
森林
歩きにくい地形ですが、戦闘には問題ありません。
魔法防御率はファイア20%、サンダー20%。
Forest
It's terrain is hard to walk around in, but that's no problem in battle.
Magic defenses are 20% against Fire and Thunder.
山
森より歩きにくい地形ですが、段差をうまく使うと有利に戦えます。
魔法防御率はファイア40%。
Mountain
It's terrain is harder to walk in than the forest, but the different levels of terrain can be
used to your advantage in battle.
Magic defense is 40% against Fire.
滝、崖
バードマンだけしか通過できません。
Waterfalls, cliffs.
Only Birdmen can pass through these terrains.
川
ゴーレムと船は入れません。
魔法防御率はファイア40%。
River
Golems and Boats cannot enter here.
Magic defense is 40% against Fire.
沼
歩きにくい地形です。
魔法防御率はファイア40%。
Swamp
Terrain that is hard to walk around in.
Magic defense is 40% against Fire.
浅瀬
ゴーレムと船は入れません。
魔法防御率はファイア40%。
Shallows
Golems and Boats cannot enter here.
Magic Defense is 40% against Fire.
氷
移動には適していますが、戦闘は困難。
魔法の防御はできません。
Ice
Terrain that is well-suited for movement, but is a problem in battle.
There are no magic defenses here.
海
半漁人だけが入れます。陸地から水中の半漁人に対しては、攻撃できません。
魔法防御率はファイア80%。
The Sea
Only Mermen can enter. Mermen that are moving from land into water cannot attack.
Magic defense is 80% against Fire.
雪原
平地よりも少し歩きにくい地形です。
魔法の防御はできません。
Snow Field
Terrain that is a bit harder to walk around in than plains.
There is no magic defense here.
雪の森
歩きにくい地形ですが、戦闘には問題ありません。
魔法防御率はファイア25%、サンダー25%。
Snowy Forest
It's terrain is hard to walk around in, but that's no problem in battle.
Magic defenses are 25% against Fire, but -25% against Thunder.
雪の山
滑りやすい地形ですが、段差を使った戦闘できます。
魔法防御率はファイア25%。
Snowy Mountain
It's terrain is easy to slip on, but if you use the differences of terrain to your
advantage, you can do battle here.
Magic defense is 25% against Fire.
～DS
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